• Analysis and Studies
• Coin: import and export

Coins are pieces of metal issued by a government that function as a form of currency. Typically small and round, coins are used for everyday transactions and represent a specific monetary value. They are made from metals like copper, nickel, and zinc, and often feature national symbols, the denomination, and the year they were minted, and while their primary use is for smaller denominations, they are an integral part of most currency systems.

Coins have a rich history, dating back to ancient civilizations such as the Greeks and Romans, where they were initially made from valuable metals like gold and silver: these early coins had intrinsic value based on the metal itself. Over time, governments shifted to using less expensive metals, relying on the coin's face value rather than the metal’s worth, allowing for wider circulation and use in trade.

Today, coins are primarily used for small transactions, often in conjunction with paper money for larger amounts. While digital payments are becoming more common, coins remain important in certain situations, like vending machines or public transport. Coins also carry historical and cultural significance, with many countries issuing commemorative coins to celebrate important events, figures, or national milestones.

In 2022, coin was the world's 983rd most traded product, with a total trade of $786M, and between 2021 and 2022 the exports grew by 21%, from $649M to $786M.

In 2022 the country which exported coin the most was the United States, with a trade of $149M, ahead of United Kingdom ($102M), Austria ($87.3M), Canada ($71.1M), and Germany ($61.7M). The United States was alto the most significant importer, with a trade of $214M, followed by Germany ($85M), Spain ($66.4M), Philippines ($40.5M), and United Kingdom ($33.3M).

 The most important exporters show varying degrees of dependence on key markets, with the United States being a dominant partner across several countries. The United States showcases a global reach, dominating with diverse trading partners, primarily Germany and the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom, in contrast, is heavily reliant on the United States’ market for coin exports, with minimal diversification. Austria also focuses largely on the United States, though it maintains regional ties with central Europe, particularly Czechia. Canada shows a unique pattern, exporting mostly to the Philippines and African markets like Djibouti, while Germany balances its exports between the United States and several European neighbors, including Belgium and France.

1. United States (18.9%): 44.1% Germany, 18.3% United Kingdom, 8.97% Hong Kong, 4.58% Mexico, 3.02% South Africa, 2.75% Switzerland, 2.7% Australia, 2.73% Poland, 1.49% Ireland
2. United Kingdom (12.9%): 75.7% United States, 8.45% Spain, 2.44% Australia, 1.44% Germany, 1.29% South Africa, 1.02% Japan, 0.92% United Kingdom
3. Austria (11.1%): 78.8% United States, 11.6% Czechia, 4.65% Switzerland, 1.24% Germany, 0.93% South Africa
4. Canada (9.04%): 56.7% Philippines, 15.6% Djibouti, 8.76% Canada, 5.45% United States, 3.02% Ethiopia, 1.9% Australia
5. Germany (7.84%): 29.7% United States, 17.8% Belgium, 13.7% France, 7.52% Czechia, 4.68% Austria, 4.06% Netherlands, 1.48% Spain

 We can observe that the United States emerges also as the largest coin importer, with significant supplies from the United Kingdom and Austria. Germany follows as the second-largest importer, heavily dependent on the United States, while Spain's imports predominantly sources from Oman, which supplies 84.1%.

The Philippines displays a similar reliance on Canada, which provides 99.5% of its coin imports. Meanwhile, the United Kingdom sources most of its coins from the United States, with some contributions from Germany and Belgium. Overall, these dynamics highlight strong bilateral trade relationships, particularly between the United States and Europe, alongside unique dependencies seen in Spain and the Philippines.

1. United States (27.2%): 35.9% United Kingdom, 32.1% Austria, 8.55% Germany, 6.88% Bulgaria, 3.78% Slovakia, 1.81% Canada, 1.01% China
2. Germany (10.8%): 77.1% United States, 8.3% South Africa,04% China, 2.03% Australia, 1.46% United Kingdom, 1.27% Austria
3. Spain (8.44%): 84.1% Oman, 12.9% United Kingdom, 1.38% Germany
4. Philippines (5.15%): 99.5% Canada
5. United Kingdom (4.24%): 81.7% United States, 4.66% Germany, 2.98% Belgium, 2.79% United Kingdom, 1.32% China

Between 2021 and 2022, the fastest growing exporter was Austria, with an increase of $72.6M, ahead of United Kingdom ($57.7M), Oman ($55.8M), Bulgaria ($19.3M), and Slovakia ($16.6M).

1. Austria: from $14.7M to $87.3M
2. United Kingdom: from $43.9M to $102M
3. Oman: from $407 to $55.8M
4. Bulgaria: from $1.34M to $20.6M
5. Slovakia: from $6.85M to $23.5M

Whereas the country which saw the fastest growth in imports was the United States, with an increase of $160M, followed by Spain ($62.3M), United Arab Emirates ($11.1M), Djibouti ($8.75M), and Estonia ($7.79M).

1. United States: from $54.3M to $214M
2. Spain: from $4.1M to $66.4M
3. United Arab Emirates: from $3.17M to $14.2M
4. Djibouti: from $2.33M to $11.1M
5. Estonia: from $11.2M to $18.9M

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